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  CLJ Bulletin, Issue 2014, Vol 29
18 July 2014



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New This Week

1. Cases(s) Of The Week

a) TITULAR ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOP OF KUALA LUMPUR v. MENTERI DALAM NEGERI & ORS

b) YAM KONG SENG & ANOR v. YEE WENG KAI

c) SIOW CHUNG PENG v. PP

d) PP lwn. MOHAN BATUMALAI [2014] 6 SMC 423

2. Latest Cases

a) Legal Network Series

b) CLJ 2014 Volume 6 (Part 3)

c) CLJ 2014 Volume 6 (Part 4)

3. Articles

a) Legal Network Series Article(s)

4. Legislation Highlights

a) Principal Acts

b) Amending Acts

c) PU(A)

d) PU(B)


CASES(S) OF THE WEEK

TITULAR ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOP OF KUALA LUMPUR v. MENTERI DALAM NEGERI & ORS
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
ARIFIN ZAKARIA CJ, RAUS SHARIF PCA, ZULKEFLI MAKINUDIN CJ (MALAYA), RICHARD MALANJUM CJ (SABAH & SARAWAK), SURIYADI HALIM OMAR FCJ, ZAINUN ALI FCJ, JEFFREY TAN FCJ
[CIVIL APPLICATION NO: 08-690-11-2013]
23 JUNE 2014
[2013] CLJ JT(6)

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Appeal - Leave - Leave to appeal to Federal Court - Minister imposing condition barring applicant from using word "Allah" in newsletter - Court of Appeal overruling High Court and disallowed judicial review of Minister's decision - Whether Minister's decision reasonable, constitutional and in accordance with law - Whether Court of Appeal applied correct test - Whether questions posed to Federal Court met threshold of s. 96 (a) or (b) Courts of Judicature Act 1964

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: Judicial review - Applicable test - Whether the objective test - Whether open for reviewing court now to question the process as well as substance of decision - Minister imposing condition barring applicant from using word "Allah" in newsletter - Exercise of discretion by Minister - Whether reasonable, constitutional and in accordance with law - Federal Constitution, arts. 3, 10, 11, 12 - Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984, ss. 6, 12

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Legislation - Validity and constitutionality - Control and Restriction of the Propagation of Non-Islamic Religions Enactment, s. 9 - Proceedings by individual to declare law as invalid on ground that legislature had no power to make such law - Whether could only be commenced with leave of judge of Federal Court - Challenge to validity of law made in judicial review proceedings in High Court without leave - Whether incompetent - Decision of High Court invalidating the law - Whether rightly set aside by Court of Appeal - Federal Constitution, arts. 4(3), (4)

YAM KONG SENG & ANOR v. YEE WENG KAI
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
RICHARD MALANJUM CJ (SABAH & SARAWAK), ABDULL HAMID EMBONG FCJ, SURIYADI HALIM OMAR FCJ, ZALEHA ZAHARI FCJ, ABU SAMAH NORDIN FCJ
[CIVIL APPEAL NO: 02-22-05-2013(W)]
19 MAY 2014

LIMITATION: Striking out action on ground of time bar - Appeal against - Acknowledgement of debt - Requirements of - Whether complied with - Whether short messaging service (SMS) constituted valid acknowledgement - Whether electronic message was as good as in writing - Whether there was acknowledgement of debt which fell within meaning of s. 27(1) Limitation Act 1953 - Whether defence of appellant's case being time barred unsustainable - Electronic Commerce Act 2006, ss. 5, 6, 8 & 9 - Whether applicable - Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967, s. 3

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Pleadings - Acknowledgement of debt - Judicial admission - Admission by a party willing to repay debt in pleading - Whether stands on a higher footing than evidentiary admission - Whether there was a clear judicial admission of debt owed - Whether respondent failed to avoid legal liability

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Action - Claim for outstanding sum - Acknowledgement of debt - Requirements of - Whether complied with - Whether short messaging service (SMS) constituted valid acknowledgement - Whether electronic message was as good as in writing - Whether there was acknowledgement of debt which fell within meaning of s. 27(1) Limitation Act 1953 - Whether appellants' action exceeded six years period - Whether defence of appellant's case being time barred unsustainable - Electronic Commerce Act 2006, ss. 5, 6, 8 & 9 - Whether applicable - Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967, s. 3

SIOW CHUNG PENG v. PP
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
ZULKEFLI MAKINUDIN CJ (MALAYA), ZAINUN ALI FCJ, JEFFREY TAN FCJ, MOHAMED APANDI ALI FCJ, RAMLY ALI FCJ
[CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: 07-20-2013]
13 JANUARY 2014

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Appeal - Appeal to Federal Court - Application for leave to file notice to appeal - Appeal of criminal matter emanating from subordinate court - Whether applicant had standing to make application - Whether application for leave known in law - Courts of Judicature Act 1964, s. 87(1)

JURISDICTION: Courts - High Court - Original criminal jurisdiction - Whether appeal could reach Federal Court via Court of Appeal only if criminal matter decided by High Court as trial court - Courts of Judicature Act 1964, s. 22

PP lwn. MOHAN BATUMALAI [2014] 6 SMC 423
MAHKAMAH MAJISTRET, SEREMBAN
SITI KHAIRIAH ABDUL RAZAK MJ
[KES NO: 83-1225-07-2011]
5 APRIL 2013

LALULINTAS JALAN: Memandu secara berbahaya - Menyebabkan kematian akibat pemanduan secara berbahaya - Faktor-faktor untuk dipertimbangkan - Sama ada pemanduan secara berbahaya telah menyebabkan kematian - Sama ada satu kes prima facie dibuktikan - Akta Pengangkutan Jalan 1987, ss. 41(1) & 43(1)

PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Mitigasi - Pengakuan bersalah - Tertuduh dituduh di bawah s. 41(1) Akta Pengangkutan Jalan 1987 - Kesalahan memandu secara berbahaya hingga menyebabkan kematian - Pengakuan bersalah atas pertuduhan terpinda di bawah s. 43(1) - Sama ada faktor-faktor mitigasi mewajarkan pengurangan hukuman - Sama ada tertuduh wajar dipenjarakan

To view a sample of the Sessions and Magistrates' Cases journal, click here. For product enquiries, contact priority@cljlaw.com.

LATEST CASES

Legal Network Series

[2013] 1 LNS 63 CHEW WOON WANG & YANG LAIN lwn. PENTADBIR TANAH DAERAH BATU PAHAT & YANG LAIN PROSEDUR SIVIL: Tindakan - Kausa tindakan - Locus standi - Kausa tindakan oleh penceroboh atau setinggan - Sama ada plaintif-plaintif mempunyai kepentingan terhadap tanah untuk membawa tindakan - Sama ada kehadiran dan pendudukan di atas tanah untuk tempoh masa yang lama memberi plaintif-plaintif sebarang kepentingan terhadap tanah bagi membolehkan mereka membawa tindakan - Kanun Tanah Negara 1965, s. 48
UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Pemberimilikan/Pengurniaan tanah - Kesahihan - Sama ada pemberimilikan tanah melalui proses yang sah - Sama ada pemberimilikan tanah daripada pihak berkuasa negeri dibuat dengan niat jahat - Sama ada terdapat pemalsuan fakta dan dokumen dalam memperoleh tanah secara berimilik/kurnia - Sama ada terdapat subahat atau pakatan dalam permohonan tanah berimilik/kurnia
UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Permohonan untuk tanah - Pemberimilikan kepada pemohon yang kompeten - Budi bicara pihak berkuasa negeri - Sama ada pihak berkuasa negeri boleh memilih sesiapa sahaja untuk didaftarkan sebagai pemilik tanah kerajaan - Sama ada pemohon tanah berimilik/kurnia seharusnya telah mengusahakan tanah tersebut sebelum pendaftaran
UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Penceroboh - Ganti rugi - Sama ada setinggan atau penceroboh tanah kerajaan berhak keatas ganti rugi keatas tanaman yang diusahakan diatas tanah kerajaan tersebut
[2013] 1 LNS 85 BANK MUAMALAT MALAYSIA BERHAD lwn. NORIZAN TAJUDIN PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Pendakwaan - Kes pendakwaan - Kes prima facie pengedaran dadah - Sama ada pihak pendakwaan telah mewujudkan suatu kes prima facie terhadap tertuduh-tertuduh berkenaan intipati kesalahan mengedar dadah - Sama ada pihak pendakwaan dapat membuktikan pemilikan dadah UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - s. 39B(2) - Pegedaran dadah berbahaya - Pemilikan dadah - Sama ada terdapat pengedaran dan penjualan dadah - Sama ada tertuduh mempunyai pemilikan keatas dadah - Sama ada tertuduh mempunyai kuasa pelupusan dadah
UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - s. 39B(2) - Pegedaran dadah berbahaya - Niat bersama - Sama ada terdapat niat bersama dalam pengedaran dan penjualan dadah antara tertuduh-tertuduh
KETERANGAN: Inferen - Kuasa hakim bicara untuk membuat inferen berdasarkan fakta-fakta - Inferen pemilikan dadah - Kelakuan tertuduh - Sama ada inferen boleh dibuat berkenaan pemilikan dadah berdasarkan kelakuan tertuduh menjinjing beg dadah dan kemudiannya menyimpan di dalam kereta di mana tertuduh mempunyai kunci kereta - Sama ada inferen boleh dibuat berkenaan pemilikan dadah bedasarkan perundingan antara tertuduh dan ajen provokasi - Sama ada inferen boleh dibuat berkenaan pengetahuan penyimpanan dadah di dalam kereta berdasarkan kelakuan tertuduh yang cuba mengundurkan kereta bagi melarikan diri - Sama ada inferen berkenaan pengetahuan dadah boleh dibuat berdasarkan kelakuan tertuduh yang gagal bertanya sebab tertuduh ditangkap dan keretanya digeledah
KETERANGAN: Ajen provokasi - Kebolehterimaan keterangan - Sama ada keterangan ajen provokasi harus diterima - Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952, s. 40A(1)(2)
[2013] 1 LNS 969 TAN YI YI (P) v. NGOOI BOON KHENG FAMILY LAW: Divorce - Division of matrimonial assets - Whether respondent husband entitled to a share in the immoveable properties acquired during the marriage - Whether any basis for Puchong house acquired at start of the marriage to be handed over solely to the petitioner wife - Whether it was joint matrimonial property to be shared equally between the parties - Singapore apartment - Petitioner wife was major contributor towards purchase - Respondent husband took care of most household needs, chores and needs of the children apart from contribution through his CPF payment - Whether respondent husband contributed in kind towards acquisition of the then matrimonial home in Singapore - Whether ownership of this property should be shared equally and remain in their joint names - Taman Austin Perdana apartment in JB - Purchase for investment and acquired solely by petitioner wife without proof of contribution by respondent husband - Assets acquired during the marriage by the sole effort of one party - Whether this property should be held solely by petitioner wife
FAMILY LAW: Children - Maintenance - Financial standing of both parties - Whether lump sum maintenance payment of RM50,000.00 sought by the petitioner wife was reasonable and appropriate - Whether sum too burdensome on respondent husband - Whether appropriate for him to pay a reasonable monthly sum as maintenance based on his earnings until the children reached majority age
[2014] 1 LNS 44 LUSHING TRADERS PTE LTD v. FELDA-JOHORE BULKERS SDN BHD CONTRACT: Bailment - Defendant received CPO cargo on behalf of Summerwind who had possession of the cargo - Whether plaintiff lost its right to possession and ownership in the CPO cargo to Summerwind - Whether by successfully obtaining judgment against Summerwind, plaintiff's claims based on bailment should fail - Whether there was privity of contract between plaintiff and defendant where bailment could exist - Whether there was a duty of care owed by defendant to plaintiff - Goods were not delivered by plaintiff to defendant and defendant never volunteered to take possession of any of plaintiff's goods - Whether position amounted to bailment as defined under s. 101 of the Contracts Act 1950
TORT: Conversion - Claim in conversion - Plaintiff chose not to rectify inconsistencies in the LC before releasing CPO cargo to Summerwind and before collecting payment from Summerwind - Whether plaintiff's rights only against Summerwind to whom plaintiff had sold, delivered and released into possession the CPO cargo - Whether by selling the CPO on FOB terms without reserving the right of disposal, plaintiff deemed to have unconditionally appropriated the CPO cargo to Summerwind - Whether plaintiff established tort of conversion - Whether defendant was acting without authority and was acting fraudulently in taking or receiving into possession the CPO cargo - Whether ownership in the cargo had passed to defendant
[2014] 1 LNS 46 PP v. MOHD RAZALI HANIFAH CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Trial - Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 - Prosecution's case - Decision at close of prosecution's case - Whether accused was in possession of drugs recovered from the security and AHU room - Whether at best, accused had knowledge of drugs in the security room - Whether accused had exclusive custody and control of the drugs found in the security room - Whether exclusive occupation or possession an essential ingredient to be proved before defence may be called - Whether the prosecution proved positive or actual possession of the drugs - Whether prosecution made out a prima facie case of drugs possession and trafficking under the First, Second and Third Charges against the accused
EVIDENCE: Information leading to fact discovered - Admissibility of statement - Whether production of the written record in P70 alone was sufficient to prove the accused's possession of the drugs - Whether it served only as corroborative evidence of oral evidence given in court - Whether recovery of the drugs from the security and the AHU room had any nexus with the accused and was admissible as conduct under s. 8 of the Evidence Act - Whether at best it showed accused's knowledge of the presence of drugs in the security room - Whether either s. 27 or s. 8 of the Evidence Act were applicable as drugs were recovered at the instance of SP11 and not the accused

CLJ 2014 Volume 6 (Part 3)

COURT

FEDERAL COURT

Datuk Mohd Ali Hj Abdul Majid & Anor v. Public Bank Bhd
Arifin Zakaria CJ, Raus Sharif PCA, Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Ahmad Maarop, Zaleha Zahari FCJJ
(Civil Procedure; Legal Profession - Damages - Breach of duty of care - Law, question of) [2014] 6 CLJ 269 [FC]

Yam Kong Seng & Anor v. Yee Weng Kai
Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Zaleha Zahari, Abu Samah Nordin FCJJ
(Limitation; Civil Procedure - Acknowledgement of debt - Whether short messaging service constituted valid acknowledgement) [2014] 6 CLJ 285 [FC]

HIGH COURT

Consolidated Credit Company Sdn Bhd v. Gladys Loh & Ors And Another Case
S Nantha Balan JC
(Civil Procedure; Equity; Land Law - Equitable interests - Priority of equitable interest lost or forfeited due to indolence - Lien-holder's caveat - Whether created interest in land) [2014] 6 CLJ 308 [HC]

PP v. Roche (M) Sdn Bhd
Amelia Tee Abdullah J
(Provident Fund; Labour Law - Employer's contribution - Whether employee entitled to Employees Provident Fund contributions) [2014] 6 CLJ 371 [HC]

Puncak Niaga (M) Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Syarikat Sidhu Adek Beradek Sdn Bhd & Anor
Suraya Othman J
(Tort - Negligence - Duty of care - Failure to prove - Special damages - Award of nominal damages) [2014] 6 CLJ 382 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Action - Claim for outstanding sum - Acknowledgement of debt - Requirements of - Whether complied with - Whether short messaging service (SMS) constituted valid acknowledgement - Whether electronic message was as good as in writing - Whether there was acknowledgement of debt which fell within meaning of s. 27(1) Limitation Act 1953 - Whether appellants' action exceeded six years period - Whether defence of appellant's case being time barred unsustainable - Electronic Commerce Act 2006, ss. 5, 6, 8 & 9 - Whether applicable - Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967, s. 3
Yam Kong Seng & Anor v. Yee Weng Kai
(Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Zaleha Zahari, Abu Samah Nordin FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 285 [FC]

Affidavits - Affidavit-in-reply - Failure to file - Whether assertion deemed admitted
Consolidated Credit Company Sdn Bhd v. Gladys Loh & Ors And Another Case
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 308 [HC]

Appeal - Law, question of - Party seeking to claim for damages - Defendants sued for negligence in performance of services - Whether sufficient for plaintiff to merely state amount of damages claimed - Burden of proof on plaintiff to prove damages - Plaintiff applied to enter summary judgment against defendants under O. 14 Rules of the High Court 1980 - Whether liability established or admitted by defendant - Whether ascertained damages a debt indisputably due - Whether court should enter interlocutory judgment with damages to be assessed
Datuk Mohd Ali Hj Abdul Majid & Anor v. Public Bank Bhd
(Arifin Zakaria CJ, Raus Sharif PCA, Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Ahmad Maarop, Zaleha Zahari FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 269 [FC]

Damages - Claim for - Breach of duty of care - Defendants sued for negligence in performance of services - Whether sufficient for plaintiff to merely state amount of damages claimed - Burden of proof on plaintiff to prove damages - Plaintiff applied to enter summary judgment against defendants under O. 14 Rules of the High Court 1980 - Whether liability established or admitted by defendant - Whether ascertained damages a debt indisputably due - Whether court should enter interlocutory judgment with damages to be assessed
Datuk Mohd Ali Hj Abdul Majid & Anor v. Public Bank Bhd
(Arifin Zakaria CJ, Raus Sharif PCA, Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Ahmad Maarop, Zaleha Zahari FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 269 [FC]

Pleadings - Acknowledgement of debt - Judicial admission - Admission by a party willing to repay debt in pleading - Whether stands on a higher footing than evidentiary admission - Whether there was a clear judicial admission of debt owed - Whether respondent failed to avoid legal liability
Yam Kong Seng & Anor v. Yee Weng Kai
(Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Zaleha Zahari, Abu Samah Nordin FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 285 [FC]

EQUITY

Equitable interests - First in time prevails - Priority of equitable interest lost or forfeited due to indolence - Failure to enter lien-holder's caveat - Whether equitable lien created with priority over other subsequent legal or equitable interest - Whether priority lost or forfeited due to inordinate delay
Consolidated Credit Company Sdn Bhd v. Gladys Loh & Ors And Another Case
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 308 [HC]

LABOUR LAW

Provident fund - Contribution - Employer's contribution - Failure to pay - Employee reappointed as human resource consultant upon retirement - Whether appointment constituted contract of service or contract for service - Whether employee entitled to Employees Provident Fund ('EPF') contributions - Whether employer liable for failure to contribute to EPF - Employees Provident Fund Act 1991, s. 43(2)
PP v. Roche (M) Sdn Bhd
(Amelia Tee Abdullah J) [2014] 6 CLJ 371 [HC]

LAND LAW

Caveat - Lien-holder's caveat - Entry of - Whether created interest in land - Whether entry prohibited by existence of prior private caveat
Consolidated Credit Company Sdn Bhd v. Gladys Loh & Ors And Another Case
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 308 [HC]

Caveat - Lien-holder's caveat - Removal of - Whether persons other than registered proprietor may apply for cancellation of lien-holder's caveat - Whether beneficial owner of property had locus standi to apply for removal of lien-holder's caveat - National Land Code, s. 331(4)
Consolidated Credit Company Sdn Bhd v. Gladys Loh & Ors And Another Case
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 308 [HC]

Caveat - Private caveat - Restriction in dealings - Whether existence of private caveat prohibited entry of subsequent lien-holder's caveat
Consolidated Credit Company Sdn Bhd v. Gladys Loh & Ors And Another Case
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 308 [HC]

Lien - Statutory lien - Creation of - Deposit of title coupled with non-entry of lien-holder's caveat - Whether equitable lien created with priority over other subsequent legal or equitable interest - Whether priority lost or forfeited due to inordinate delay
Consolidated Credit Company Sdn Bhd v. Gladys Loh & Ors And Another Case
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 308 [HC]

LEGAL PROFESSION

Duty of care - Breach of - Defendants sued for negligence in performance of services - Claim for damages - Whether sufficient for plaintiff to merely state amount of damages claimed - Burden of proof on plaintiff to prove damages - Plaintiff applied to enter summary judgment against defendants under O. 14 Rules of the High Court 1980 - Whether liability established or admitted by defendant - Whether ascertained damages a debt indisputably due - Whether court should enter interlocutory judgment with damages to be assessed
Datuk Mohd Ali Hj Abdul Majid & Anor v. Public Bank Bhd
(Arifin Zakaria CJ, Raus Sharif PCA, Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Ahmad Maarop, Zaleha Zahari FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 269 [FC]

LIMITATION

Striking out action on ground of time bar - Appeal against - Acknowledgement of debt - Requirements of - Whether complied with - Whether short messaging service (SMS) constituted valid acknowledgement - Whether electronic message was as good as in writing - Whether there was acknowledgement of debt which fell within meaning of s. 27(1) Limitation Act 1953 - Whether defence of appellant's case being time barred unsustainable - Electronic Commerce Act 2006, ss. 5, 6, 8 & 9 - Whether applicable - Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967, s. 3
Yam Kong Seng & Anor v. Yee Weng Kai
(Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Zaleha Zahari, Abu Samah Nordin FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 285 [FC]

PROVIDENT FUND

Employer's contribution - Failure to pay - Employee reappointed as human resource consultant upon retirement - Whether appointment constituted contract of service or contract for service - Whether employee entitled to Employees Provident Fund ('EPF') contributions - Whether employer liable for failure to contribute to EPF - Employees Provident Fund Act 1991, s. 43(2)
PP v. Roche (M) Sdn Bhd
(Amelia Tee Abdullah J) [2014] 6 CLJ 371 [HC]

TORT

Negligence - Damages - Special damages - Claim for - Whether supported by independent documents - Failure to prove - Whether nominal damages awarded
Puncak Niaga (M) Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Syarikat Sidhu Adek Beradek Sdn Bhd & Anor
(Suraya Othman J) [2014] 6 CLJ 382 [HC]

Negligence - Duty of care - Collision between defendants' oil tankers causing contamination in water treatment plant - Whether disrupted supply of treated water to consumers - Whether affected plaintiffs' business - Publication of water catchment area in official gazette - Whether public presumed to have notice of water catchment area - Whether defendants breached duty of care towards plaintiffs
Puncak Niaga (M) Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Syarikat Sidhu Adek Beradek Sdn Bhd & Anor
(Suraya Othman J) [2014] 6 CLJ 382 [HC]


CLJ 2014 Volume 6 (Part 4)

COURT

FEDERAL COURT

Malayan Banking Berhad v. Chairman Sarawak Housing Developers' Association
Raus Sharif PCA, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Ahmad Maarop, Zaleha Zahari, Abu Samah Nordin FCJJ
(Banking - Cheques - Unauthorised signatories - Whether suit must be pursued in personal name of office bearer) [2014] 6 CLJ 409 [FC]

Siow Chung Peng v. PP
Zulkefli Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Zainun Ali, Jeffrey Tan, Mohamed Apandi Ali, Ramly Ali FCJJ
(Jurisdiction - Courts - High Court - Original criminal jurisdiction) [2014] 6 CLJ 423 [FC]

COURT OF APPEAL

CIMB Investment Bank Bhd v. Ernst & Young & Another Appeal
Zaharah Ibrahim, Anantham Kasinather, Zakaria Sam JJCA
(Company Law - Auditors - Duties of auditors - Test for determining duty of care) [2014] 6 CLJ 438 [CA]

Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Ors v. Pendaftar Pertubuhan Malaysia & Another Appeal
Balia Yusof Wahi, Lim Yee Lan, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer JJCA
(Unincorporated Associations - Societies - Judicial review - Registrar of Society cancelled registration of registered society - Application to quash decision) [2014] 6 CLJ 471 [CA]

Mohd Salim Said & Ors v. Tang Pheng Kee & Anor And Another Appeal
Clement Skinner, Lim Yee Lan, Mohd Zawawi Salleh JJCA
(Land Law - Transfer - Fraud - Rectification of Register Document of Title - Instrument of transfer - Whether void) [2014] 6 CLJ 485 [CA]

HIGH COURT

Code Brilliant Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Heng Ji Keng & Ors
Azizah Nawawi JC
(Company Law - Winding up - Liquidators - Appointment and removal of - Non-compliance with mandatory statutory provision) [2014] 6 CLJ 502 [HC]

Everise Sprint (M) Sdn Bhd v. Menteri Kewangan Malaysia & Anor
Vernon Ong J
(Administrative Law - Judicial review - Certiorari - Minister's refusal to remit duties and taxes under s. 14A of Customs Act 1967 and s. 33 of Sales Tax Act 1972) [2014] 6 CLJ 519 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Judicial review - Certiorari - Minister's refusal to remit duties and taxes under s. 14A of Customs Act 1967 and s. 33 of Sales Tax Act 1972 - Whether Minister considered all evidence and materials - Whether improper motive shown - Whether just and equitable exercise of discretionary power
Everise Sprint (M) Sdn Bhd v. Menteri Kewangan Malaysia & Anor
(Vernon Ong J) [2014] 6 CLJ 519 [HC]

BANKING

Cheques - Unauthorised signatories - Forged cheques - Association opened account with bank - Executive secretary of Association named as additional signatory of cheques - Fraudulently issued cheques - Recovery proceedings by Association for proceeds of cheques against bank - Recovery proceedings initiated through Chairman of Association - Whether public officer only person entitled to commence proceedings - Whether suit must be pursued in personal name of office bearer
Malayan Banking Berhad v. Chairman Sarawak Housing Developers' Association
(Raus Sharif PCA, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Ahmad Maarop, Zaleha Zahari, Abu Samah Nordin FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 409 [FC]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Appeal - Appeal to Federal Court - Application for leave to file notice to appeal - Appeal of criminal matter emanating from subordinate court - Whether applicant had standing to make application - Whether application for leave known in law - Courts of Judicature Act 1964, s. 87(1)
Siow Chung Peng v. PP
(Zulkefli Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Zainun Ali, Jeffrey Tan, Mohamed Apandi Ali, Ramly Ali FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 423 [FC]

Locus Standi - Judicial review - Registrar of Society (ROS) cancelled registration of registered society - Application to quash decision of ROS - Whether decision of ROS affected applicants' legal rights - Test of substantive locus standi - Whether public interest litigation - Whether applicants had locus standi - Societies Act 1966, s. 13(1)(a)
Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Ors v. Pendaftar Pertubuhan Malaysia & Another Appeal
(Balia Yusof Wahi, Lim Yee Lan, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer JJCA) [2014] 6 CLJ 471 [CA]

Parties - Locus standi - Secured creditor - Removal of liquidators - Application for - Whether secured creditor had locus to initiate action - Companies Act 1965, s. 266
Code Brilliant Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Heng Ji Keng & Ors
(Azizah Nawawi JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 502 [HC]

Summary application - Rules of the High Court 1980, O. 14A - Auditors - Whether auditors owe duty of care to company's clients when carrying out statutory audits
CIMB Investment Bank Bhd v. Ernst & Young & Another Appeal
(Zaharah Ibrahim, Anantham Kasinather, Zakaria Sam JJCA) [2014] 6 CLJ 438 [CA]

COMPANY LAW

Auditors - Duties of auditors - Whether auditors owe duty of care to company's clients when carrying out statutory audits - Test for determining duty of care
CIMB Investment Bank Bhd v. Ernst & Young & Another Appeal
(Zaharah Ibrahim, Anantham Kasinather, Zakaria Sam JJCA) [2014] 6 CLJ 438 [CA]

Meetings - Creditors' meeting - Appointment of liquidators - Convening of meeting - Failure to serve notice to creditors - Lack of quorum - Whether passing of resolution violated r. 123 Companies (Winding-up) Rules 1972 - Whether resolution void - Whether appointment of liquidators valid - Companies Act 1965, s. 260
Code Brilliant Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Heng Ji Keng & Ors
(Azizah Nawawi JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 502 [HC]

Winding up - Liquidators - Appointment and removal of - Non-compliance with mandatory statutory provision - Creditors' meeting - Lack of quorum - Passing of resolution to appoint liquidators - Whether creditors served with statutory notice to convene meeting - Whether liquidators' appointment made with leave of court - Whether appointment of liquidators valid - Companies Act 1965, ss. 10, 260 & 266 - Companies (Winding-up) Rules 1972, r. 123(1)
Code Brilliant Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Heng Ji Keng & Ors
(Azizah Nawawi JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 502 [HC]

EVIDENCE

Best evidence - Document - Transfer of land - Fraudulent transfer to third parties - Claim by beneficiaries of original registered proprietors - Production of deceased's death certificate - Whether best evidence in proving rightful beneficiaries of deceased
Mohd Salim Said & Ors v. Tang Pheng Kee & Anor And Another Appeal
Clement Skinner, Lim Yee Lan, Mohd Zawawi Salleh JJCA) [2014] 6 CLJ 485 [CA]

JURISDICTION

Courts - High Court - Original criminal jurisdiction - Whether appeal could reach Federal Court via Court of Appeal only if criminal matter decided by High Court as trial court - Courts of Judicature Act 1964, s. 22
Siow Chung Peng v. PP
(Zulkefli Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Zainun Ali, Jeffrey Tan, Mohamed Apandi Ali, Ramly Ali FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 423 [FC]

LAND LAW

Transfer - Fraud - Rectification of Register Document of Title - Instrument of transfer - Whether void - Whether power of attorney and memorandum of transfer forged - Whether donors and donee no longer alive when power of attorney created - Purchaser of land - Whether a bona fide purchaser - Whether proper investigation conducted into title or of person claiming to be proprietor
Mohd Salim Said & Ors v. Tang Pheng Kee & Anor And Another Appeal
Clement Skinner, Lim Yee Lan, Mohd Zawawi Salleh JJCA) [2014] 6 CLJ 485 [CA]

TORT

Negligence - Professional negligence - Auditors for licensed fund manager company - Failure to detect fraud in company's management of clients' funds - Company wound up with losses to company's investors - Whether auditors owed duty of care to investors - Test for determining duty of care - Whether negligence established
CIMB Investment Bank Bhd v. Ernst & Young & Another Appeal
(Zaharah Ibrahim, Anantham Kasinather, Zakaria Sam JJCA) [2014] 6 CLJ 438 [CA]

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION

Society - Capacity - Forgery of cheques by executive secretary of Association - Recovery proceedings by Association for proceeds of cheques against bank - Recovery proceedings initiated through Chairman of Association - Whether public officer only person entitled to commence proceedings - Whether suit must be pursued in personal name of office bearer - Societies Act 1966 - Rules of the High Court 1980 O. 15 r. 12
Malayan Banking Berhad v. Chairman Sarawak Housing Developers' Association
(Raus Sharif PCA, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Ahmad Maarop, Zaleha Zahari, Abu Samah Nordin FCJJ) [2014] 6 CLJ 409 [FC]

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS

Societies - Judicial review - Registrar of Society (ROS) cancelled registration of registered society - Application to quash decision of ROS - Whether decision of ROS affected applicants' legal rights - Test of substantive locus standi - Whether public interest litigation - Whether applicants had locus standi - Societies Act 1966, s. 13(1)(a)
Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Ors v. Pendaftar Pertubuhan Malaysia & Another Appeal
(Balia Yusof Wahi, Lim Yee Lan, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer JJCA) [2014] 6 CLJ 471 [CA]

WORDS & PHRASES

"shall" - Meaning of - Companies Act 1965, s. 260 - Creditors' meeting - Convening of - Statutory notice - Whether mandatory statutory duty imposed on company to issue notice to all its creditors
Code Brilliant Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Heng Ji Keng & Ors
(Azizah Nawawi JC) [2014] 6 CLJ 502 [HC]

ARTICLE

Legal Network Series Article(s)

1. ELECTRONIC TRIALS* [Read excerpt]
    by: ALLISON STANFIELD** [2014] 1 LNS(A) lxi

2. LIVING IN LEGAL LIMBO:
    A CASE FOR GENDER RECOGNITIONOF TRANSSEXUALS IN MALAYSIA
[Read excerpt]
    by: MAGESWARY SIVA SUBRAMANIAM*, PROFESSOR DR. MYINT ZAN** [2014] 1 LNS(A) lxiii

LEGISLATION HIGHLIGHTS

Principal Acts

Number Title Date coming into force Repealing
ACT 762 Goods And Services Tax Act 2014 1 July 2014 - Parts I, II, IV, VI and XVI, ss 10, 11, 17, 18, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 44, 50, 56, 59, 61, 64, 65, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 160, 163, 183, 184 and 197, the First Schedule and Second Schedule to the Act; 1 April 2015 - Parts IX, XIII, XVII and XVIII, ss 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 70, 84, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 98, 106, 108, 109, 110, 122, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195 and 196, the Third Schedule and Fourth Schedule to the Act [PU(B) 319/2014] -Nil-
ACT 761 Finance Act 2014 See s 3 for the Income Tax Act; s 33 for the Stamp Act; s 36 for the Petroleum (Income Tax) Act; s 44 for the Real Property Gains Tax Act and s 50 for the Labuan Business Activity Tax Act -Nil-
ACT 760 Fees (Department Of Museums Malaysia) (Validation) Act 2014 1 January 1991 to 11 June 2012 -Nil-
ACT 759 Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 30 June 2013 [PU(B) 277/2013] - except para(s) 1 to 10 of Schedule 9 and para(s) 13 to 19 of Schedule 9 -Nil-
ACT 758 Financial Services Act 2013 30 June 2013 [PU(B) 276/2013] - except s 129 and Schedule 9 -Nil-

Amending Acts

Number Title Date coming into force Principal/Amending Act No
ACT A1463 Corrosive And Explosive Substances And Offensive Weapons (Amendment) Act 2014 2 July 2014 ACT 357
ACT A1462 Judges' Remuneration (Amendment) Act 2014 1 January 2014 - sections 2, 4, 5 and 6; 1 July 2013 - section 3 ACT 45
ACT A1461 Supplementary Supply (2013) Act 2014 13 June 2014 -Nil-
ACT A1460 Prison (Amendment) Act 2014 3 April 2014 ACT 537
ACT A1459 Prevention Of Crime (Amendment And Extension) Act 2014 2 April 2014 ACT 297

PU(A)

Number Title Date of Publication Date coming into force Principal/Amending Act No
PU(A) 200/2014 Factories And Machinery (Exemption To Malaysia Lng Sdn Bhd, Bintulu, Sarawak) (No. 2) Order 2014 8 July 2014 9 July 2014 ACT 139
PU(A) 199/2014 Factories And Machinery (Exemption To Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd, Kertih, Terengganu) Order 2014 8 July 2014 9 July 2014 ACT 139
PU(A) 198/2014 Factories And Machinery (Exemption To Petronas Penapisan (Melaka) Sdn Bhd, Sungai Udang, Melaka) Order 2014 7 July 2014 8 July 2014 ACT 139
PU(A) 197/2014 Preservation Of Public Security (Amendment) Regulations 2014 4 July 2014 5 July 2014 PU(A) 103/2013
PU(A) 196/2014 Election Commission (Amendment Of Schedule) (No. 2) Regulations 2014 4 July 2014 1 June 2014 ACT 31

PU(B)

Number Title Date of Publication Date coming into force Principal/Amending Act No
PU(B) 332/2014 Notice Under Subsection 70(2) 16 July 2014 14 September 2014 ACT 333
PU(B) 331/2014 Notification Of Values Of Crude Petroleum Oil Under Section 12 10 July 2014 10 July 2014 to 23 July 2014 ACT 235; PU(A) 275/2012
PU(B) 330/2014 Appointment And Revocation Of Appointment Of Assistant Registrar Of Fishermen'S Associations 9 July 2014 1 March 2014 ACT 44
PU(B) 329/2014 Notification Under Subsection 76(1) 7 July 2014 8 July 2014 ACT 166
PU(B) 328/2014 Reservation Of Land For Public Purpose For Lot 9126 Kampung Rancha-Rancha Federal Territory Of Labuan 7 July 2014 8 July 2014 ACT 56/1965
[2014] 1 LNS(A) lxi AUSTRALIA

ELECTRONIC TRIALS*

by

ALLISON STANFIELD**


The ACT Supreme Court is currently playing host to the Inquiry into the conviction of David Harold Eastman for the murder of Colin Stanley Winchester. This Inquiry is being run electronically.

What is an electronic trial?

An electronic trial is one where the trial documents are all available electronically via online systems, directly to the court, and where the documents themselves can be displayed electronically to those in the courtroom. The benefits of electronic trials are that they can save an inordinate amount of time whereby the lawyers involved in the hearing do not have to find each individual page being referred during the hearing, as the document is available on screen within seconds of counsel referring to it.

Electronic trials have been used in Australia since the mid to late 1990's, however, they are still relatively uncommon. This is despite Federal Court Practice Note CM6, and similar State Practice Notes, encouraging the use of e-discovery and e-trials.


. . .

* Published with kind permission of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory. See Ethos No. 230 December 2013.

** Allison Stanfield. Allison founded e.law in 1999, and is is considered a pioneer in digital evidence. Prior to establishing e.law, Allison worked as a litigation lawyer and as Registrar of the Court of Appeal (Qld), where she became involved in technology initiatives throughout Australian superior courts. Allison is currently undertaking her PhD in the authentication of electronic evidence.


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[2014] 1 LNS(A) lxiii MALAYSIA

LIVING IN LEGAL LIMBO: A CASE FOR GENDER RECOGNITIONOF TRANSSEXUALS IN MALAYSIA

by

MAGESWARY SIVA SUBRAMANIAM*
PROFESSOR DR. MYINT ZAN**


Introduction

A person's legal gender identity plays an important role in his or her daily life. One's gender identity could impact aspects of life ranging from the very mundane such as which public lavatory to use, to some of the most critical aspects of life such as the issues concerning the National Registration Identity Card (NRIC) and passport, employment, marriage and even in which correctional facility (male or female) to detain or incarcerate a suspect or a convict in criminal cases. The issue of gender identity in relation to the above matters does not generally give rise to disputes for an overwhelming majority of persons who are not transsexuals. For a transsexual or a person who suffers from gender dysphoria however, uncertainties in gender recognition in Malaysia leaves them in a state of legal limbo in the context of some of the most critical aspects of life described above.

A person's sex is biologically determined; gender on the other hand refers to the differences that exist between men and women in relation to social roles and identity. Gender is defined as socially constructed roles, behaviour, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.[1] The American Psychiatric Association (APA), in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5),[2] has introduced gender dysphoria as a new diagnostic class to replace the previous terminology of gender identity disorder, used in DSM-IV-TR.[3]


. . .

* Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Multimedia University

** Faculty of Law, Multimedia University


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[2014] 1 LNS(A) lix INDONESIA

HOW SERIOUS IS TAX EVASION?: AN EMPIRICAL LEGAL ANSWER*

by

ROBERT W MCGEE**, WENDY GELMAN***, THOMAS J. TARANGELO****


Tax evasion has persistently carried severe penalties, although its intended deterrence effect is highly doubtful. We can safely say that it is based on the widely shared assumption among government officials that tax evasion is among the more serious crimes. In other words, the rationale of the current approach is that the punishment should fit the crime. By taking this into account, this empirical work sets out to expand on previous studies by examining the relative seriousness of 75 crimes and analyzing some demographic variables, including gender, age, marital status, religion and others, to determine whether tax evasion is as serious a crime as some policy makers believe it to be, and to determine whether opinions differ based on demographics. The study finding shows that tax evasion is deemed to be less serious than the average crime. The article concludes that since tax evasion was deemed to be less serious than most other offenses, one might reasonably conclude that the punishment for tax evasion should be less than the punishment for most other offenses.

Keywords: Empirical Legal Studies, Tax Laws, Law and Morality, Crime and Punishments, Criminal Legal Theories, Jurisprudence, Legal Theories.


. . .

* Published with kind permission of The Institute for Migrant Rights, Indonesia.

** Fayetteville State University

*** Florida International University School of Accounting

**** Florida International University School of Accounting


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