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  CLJ Bulletin, Issue 2014, Vol 50
12 December 2014



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New This Week

1. Cases(s) Of The Week

a) YANG DIPERTUA, DEWAN RAKYAT & ORS v. GOBIND SINGH DEO

b) PRIMA NOVA SDN BHD v. AFFIN BANK BHD

c) PP lwn. ANUAR NORDIN [2014] 2 SMC 15

d) JUDICIAL QUOTES

2. Latest Cases

a) Legal Network Series

b) CLJ 2014 Volume 9 (Part 4)

c) CLJ 2014 Volume 9 (Part 5)

3. Articles

a) Legal Network Series Article(s)

4. Legislation Highlights

a) Principal Acts

b) Amending Acts

c) PU(A)

d) PU(B)


CASES(S) OF THE WEEK

YANG DIPERTUA, DEWAN RAKYAT & ORS v. GOBIND SINGH DEO
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
ARIFIN ZAKARIA CJ, SURIYADI HALIM OMAR FCJ, ZALEHA ZAHARI FCJ, JEFFREY TAN FCJ, RAMLY ALI FCJ
[CIVIL APPEAL NO: W-01(F)-31-11-2012 (W)]
3 NOVEMBER 2014

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Constitution - Federal Constitution - Member of Parliament uttered disparaging remarks during Parliamentary session - Disciplinary action - 12 months suspension without remuneration - Constitutional protection granted to Members of Parliament - Whether Standing Orders of Dewan Rakyat override provisions in Federal Constitution - Whether Parliament acted constitutionally in withholding member's remuneration during period of suspension - Whether decision impeachable - Whether there was justiciable issue - Federal Constitution, arts. 63 & 64 - Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952, ss. 9, 32 & 33

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Parliament - Privileges and immunities - Disciplinary action - Member of Parliament uttered disparaging remarks during Parliamentary session - 12 months suspension without remuneration - Constitutional protection - Whether Standing Orders of Dewan Rakyat override provisions in Federal Constitution - Whether privileges of Parliament in art. 63(1) Federal Constitution extend to withholding of remuneration - Whether justiciable issue - Federal Constitution, art. 64 - Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952, ss. 9, 32 & 33

PRIMA NOVA SDN BHD v. AFFIN BANK BHD
COURT OF APPEAL, PUTRAJAYA
ZALEHA ZAHARI FCJ, MOHAMED APANDI ALI JCA, ANANTHAM KASINATHER JCA
[CIVIL APPEAL NO: W-02-237-10]
28 MAY 2014

BANKING: Banker and customer - Duty of customer - Forgery - Stolen cheques - Honouring of - Failure of customer to inform bank about stolen cheques in a timely manner - Whether could amount to fraud - Whether bank correctly debited from customer's current account - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether cheques honoured in good faith - Whether bank protected - Whether discrepancy on signature detected by bank - Bills of Exchange Act 1949, s. 73A

BANKING: Cheques - Forgery - Stolen cheques - Honouring of - Failure of customer to inform bank about stolen cheques in a timely manner - Whether could amount to fraud - Duty of customer - Whether bank wrongly debited from customer's current account - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether cheques honoured in good faith - Whether bank protected - Whether discrepancy on signature detected by bank - Bills of Exchange Act 1949, s. 73A

TORT: Conversion - Banker and customer - Duty of customer - Forgery - Stolen cheques - Honouring of - Failure of customer to inform bank about stolen cheques in a timely manner - Whether could amount to fraud - Whether bank wrongly debited from customer's current account - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether cheques honoured in good faith - Whether bank protected - Whether discrepancy on signature detected by bank - Bills of Exchange Act 1949, s. 73A

PP lwn. ANUAR NORDIN [2014] 2 SMC 15
MAHKAMAH MAJISTRET, KUALA PILAH
HASLINA BASARUDIN MJ
[KES TANGKAP NO: 89UT-18-08-2013]
4 DISEMBER 2013

PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Rayuan - Rayuan ke Mahkamah Tinggi - Akta Penagih Dadah (Rawatan & Pemulihan) 1983 - Seksyen 6(1)(b) - Perintah dari Mahkamah Majistret - Sama ada perintah boleh dirayu ke Mahkamah Tinggi - Ang Gin Lee v. PP

UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Akta Penagih Dadah (Rawatan & Pemulihan) 1983 - Seksyen 6(1)(b) - Perintah dari Mahkamah Majistret - Rayuan ke Mahkamah Tinggi - Sama ada perintah boleh dirayu ke Mahkamah Tinggi - Ang Gin Lee v. PP

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JUDICIAL QUOTES

ELANCOVEN SINGARAM v. PP [2014] 5 CLJ 353

[2] Issue: Whether the learned Magistrate was adopting the correct procedure: (i) when allowing the prosecution’s application, during examination-in-chief, to declare its own witness a hostile witness; and (ii) in thereafter allowing defence counsel to cross-examine the witness, but subsequently ordering counsel to cease cross-examination on the ground that the court would not believe or accept the witness’ evidence.

"In this case, the first flaw is in respect of the procedure adopted to treat SP9 as a hostile witness. It is not in accordance with the procedure suggested by Brown J in Re Wee Swee Hoon, Deceased; Lim Ah Moy & Anor v. Ong Eng Say (ie, when a witness has given an answer or answers, which the party calling him knows to be in conflict with some statement or evidence which he has previously made or given, the proper procedure, in my opinion, is for counsel then to ask him (as was done in this case) whether he made a statement (or gave evidence) at a certain place on a certain date. Having heard his answer (whatever it may be) no further questions should be put at that stage. But counsel should then hand to the judge the statement (or record of the evidence), and apply for leave to cross-examine him under the provisions of s. 155 of the Evidence Ordinance. The judge, having given the other side an opportunity of seeing the document and making his submissions on the application, will then give his ruling).”

"SP9 is the wife of the accused and the last witness called by the prosecution. In the course of examination-in-chief of SP9, learned deputy made an application to court to treat SP9 as a hostile witness as her evidence appeared to have contradicted with her recorded statement. SP9’s statement was tendered, but unknown to us under what provision of the law the statement was recorded. It was not marked as an exhibit, therefore it did not form part of the appeal record. Neither the statement of SP9 was shown to learned counsel and invited submissions thereon. … Unfortunately, the trial Magistrate allowed learned deputy’s application to declare SP9 as hostile witness despite SP9’s statement was not shown to learned counsel. Thus, the procedure adopted herein was not in compliance with the useful guidelines made by Brown J in Re Wee Swee Hoon’s case supra.”

"The cross-examination of SP9 in this case by learned counsel continued until it was intercepted by the trial Magistrate telling learned counsel to cease cross-examining SP9 as she (ie, the trial Magistrate) did not accept SP9’s evidence. … This is the second flaw in this case.”

"It is clearly wrong for the trial Magistrate to make an immediate summary order directing learned counsel to cease his cross-examination of SP9 because she was an unreliable witness and the trial Magistrate did not accept her evidence. The trial Magistrate should allow learned counsel to complete the cross-examination as the cross-examination is very wide and of course, it is subject to the rule of admissibility and relevancy. Thereafter, follow by reexamination. The credibility of SP9 should be appropriately assessed after the prosecution close its case.”

"... I do not intend to depart from the principle enunciated in Kamalan Shaik Mohd v. PP which I am of the considered view is applicable with full force relating to the denial of the accused’s rights to cross-examine the hostile witness, SP9, coupled with the non-compliance of the procedure by the prosecution to treat its own witness as hostile as suggested by Brown J in Re Wee Swee Hoon’s case, supra and further explained by Yong Pung How, CJ in Yuen Chun Yii v. PP. As a result, the accused is not accorded with a fair trial which has occasioned a miscarriage of justice.”

"Accordingly, the accused’s appeal is hereby allowed. His conviction and sentence by the trial Magistrate is set aside. The accused is acquitted and discharged.” – per Zamani A Rahim J in Elancoven Singaram v. PP [2014] 5 CLJ 353.

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LATEST CASES

Legal Network Series

[2013] 1 LNS 349 RAVEEN RAI RATTI B SATIAPAL & SATU LAGI lwn. ISRAVEL DAVID UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Pemilikan - Tuntutan untuk - Sama ada plaintif adalah pemilik berdaftar hartanah - Sama ada plaintif telah membuktikan tuntutan untuk pemilikan hartanah
UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Lesen - Lesen gratuitous - Hak dan kepentingan untuk menduduki hartanah dibawah lesen gratuitous - Sama ada pemegang lesen gratuitous mempunyai hak untuk terus menduduki hartanah untuk jangka masa yang tidak ditetapkan - Sama ada pemegang lesen gratuitous adalah dilindungi oleh prinsip ekuiti
UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Milikan kosong - Tuntutan untuk - Sama ada plaintif berhak keatas milikan kosong hartanah daripada pemegang lesen gratuitous
[2013] 1 LNS 494 HOONG WAI KIT lwn. TEH TOONG JOO (F); BOONSRI KANJANAWADEE (F) (PENCELAH) UNDANG-UNDANG KELUARGA: Penceraian - Kelakuan - Sama ada perkahwinan telah pecah belah - Sama ada kedua-dua pihak telah menyumbang kepada pecah belah perkahwinan - Sama ada perkahwinan telah pecah belah akibat hubugan sulit suami - Sama ada perkahwinan telah pecah belah akibat kehilangan komunikasi baik antara kedua-dua suami isteri
UNDANG-UNDANG KELUARGA: Anak - Penjagaan - Kepentingan dan kebajikan kanak-kanak adalah faktor terpenting - Anak perempuan - Penjagaan bersama - Sama ada penjagaan bersama wajar dan sesuai diberikan - Sama ada hak lawatan atau akses yang bermanfaat wajar diberikan
UNDANG-UNDANG KELUARGA: Anak - Nafkah - Kemampuan memberikan nafkah - Sama ada suami mampu memberikan nafkah yang wajar kepada anak - Sama ada suami harus menanggung kos yuran pendidikan, kos perubatan dan rawatan pergigian anak
UNDANG-UNDANG KELUARGA: Nafkah - Isteri - Isteri merupakan suri rumah sepenuh masa sebelum penceraian - Sama ada isteri wajar diberikan nafkah diri yang munasabah selepas penceraian
UNDANG-UNDANG KELUARGA: Harta perkahwinan - Pembahagian aset - Rumah perkahwinan - Rumah perkahwinan didaftar atas kedua-dua nama suami isteri - Sama ada sumbangan kewangan dalam memperoleh rumah perkahwinan harus diambil kira - Sama ada sumbangan tenaga dalam menguruskan rumah tangga dan anak-anak perkahwinan harus diambil kira
UNDANG-UNDANG KELUARGA: Harta perkahwinan - Wang caruman KWSP - Sama ada isteri mempunyai kepentingan dalam sebahagian wang simpanan suami yang terdapat di dalam KWSP
UNDANG-UNDANG KELUARGA: Obligasi kewangan - Relief sampingan - Bayaran ansuran bulanan polisi insuran atas nama isteri - Sama ada suami harus membayar ansuran bulanan polisi insuran atas nama isteri selepas penceraian
[2013] 1 LNS 1156 MARS TELECOMUNICATIONS SDN BHD v. CUBIC ELECTRONICS SDN BHD & ANOR CIVIL PROCEDURE: Parties - Joinder of - Whether UTEM, UHSB and NNSB should be made defendants - Whether application was at the discretion of the court - Reason for intended joinder of these parties premised on conspiracy - Whether any reason to allow application as conspiracy unproven
TORT: Conspiracy - Elements of - Plaintiff failed to execute agreements for purchase of properties and assets of 1st defendant by deadline after three extensions - Whether 1st defendant free to negotiate and invite other parties to purchase the properties and assets - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTEM), UTEM Holdings Sdn Bhd (UHSB), Neraca Niaga Sdn Bhd (NNSB) and plaintiff invited to tender for the sale – NNSB sole bidder – Sale concluded between 1st defendant and NNSB - Plaintiff alleging conspiracy between 1st defendant and other invited parties - Whether plaintiff's own failure to execute the agreements resulted in 1st defendant executing the agreements with NNSB - Whether 1st defendant, UTEM, UHSB and NNSB had conspired against plaintiff
[2014] 1 LNS 74 SOH LIAN TENG v. FADASON HOLDINGS SDN BHD & ORS EVIDENCE: Parol evidence - Prior separate oral agreement - Alleged oral agreement on a reduced purchase price of RM500,000.00 - 3 receipts did not show agreed price to be RM500,00.00 but at RM728,888.00 - Sale of the property reduced in writing - Effect of oral agreement or statement to vary terms of agreement regarding purchase price of RM728,888.00 - Evidence Act 1950, ss. 91, 92
COMPANY LAW: Indoor management rule - Misdeeds and fraudulent transactions made by former director of 1st defendant - Whether plaintiff could seek protection under Turquand's rule - Whether plaintiff a bona fide purchaser and did not know that there was an irregularity in the transaction conducted by the rogue director - Whether plaintiff proved payment of purchase price to gain vacant possession of property
[2014] 1 LNS 554 MONDAY-OFF DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD v. BUMI METRO CONSTRUCTION SDN BHD ARBITRATION: Reference of dispute - Interlocutory injunction - Defendant commenced arbitration proceedings - Whether Clause 23 of Master Agreement required disputing parties to deliberate together in order to resolve and achieve an amicable settlement of such Dispute- Whether clause 23 had to be, and if so, was complied with before the commencement of the arbitration - Plaintiff obtained an ex-parte interim injunction on basis there was non-compliance - Defendant offered a proposal to accept a lesser sum as full and final settlement - Whether defendant had made careful consideration and cooperation to resolve the dispute and to avoid any possible litigation within the meaning of Clause 23 - Whether defendant complied with requirement under Clause 23 of the Master Agreement
WORDS AND PHRASES: Meaning of word "deliberate" - Whether deliberation must be in a form of formal discussion with an agenda on matters to be deliberated together in order to achieve amicable settlement - Whether such interpretation would defeat the true intention of Clause 23.1 - Whether wide enough to include negotiation through exchange of letters making offer to settle and counter offer for better terms of settlement to avoid any possible litigation - Whether fulfilled as long as parties in dispute negotiated in whatever form whether formal or informal with aim to resolve the dispute

CLJ 2014 Volume 9 (Part 4)

COURT

COURT OF APPEAL

Malayan Banking Bhd v. Boau Yoon Fut
Mohamad Ariff Yusof, Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Idrus Harun JJCA
(Bankruptcy; Land Law - Proof and priority of debts - Rights of chargee) [2014] 9 CLJ 429 [CA]

Prima Nova Sdn Bhd v. Affin Bank Bhd
Zaleha Zahari FCJ, Mohamad Apandi Ali, Anantham Kasinather JJCA
(Banking; Tort - Banker and customer - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery) [2014] 9 CLJ 442 [CA]

HIGH COURT

ACE College lwn. Ketua Pendaftar, Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Swasta, Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia
Asmabi Mohamad H
(Prosedur Sivil - Semakan kehakiman - Bantahan awal) [2014] 9 CLJ 468 [HC]

Amirul Hakim Dzulkefly v. PP
Collin Lawrence Sequerah JC
(Criminal Procedure - Sentence - Child under 18 years old - Rehabilitation at Henry Gurney School) [2014] 9 CLJ 478 [HC]

Dato' Pahlawan Ramli Yusuff v. Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail & Ors
Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera JC
(Civil Procedure; Constitutional Law; Limitation - Striking out - Parties - Public Prosecutor - Privileges and immunities) [2014] 9 CLJ 489 [HC]

Keong Shew Peng v. PP
Nordin Hassan JC
(Criminal Procedure - Forfeiture - Presumption of illegal property) [2014] 9 CLJ 530 [HC]

Kiritivaasan Udaya Soorian v. PP
Noorin Badaruddin JC
(Criminal Procedure; Evidence - Appeal - Sentencing - Identification evidence - Quality of) [2014] 9 CLJ 548 [HC]

PP v. Wong Kuoh Ming
Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak)
(Criminal Law; Criminal Procedure - Charge - Amendment) [2014] 9 CLJ 563 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

BANKING

Banker and customer - Duty of customer - Forgery - Stolen cheques - Honouring of - Failure of customer to inform bank about stolen cheques in a timely manner - Whether could amount to fraud - Whether bank correctly debited from customer's current account - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether cheques honoured in good faith - Whether bank protected - Whether discrepancy on signature detected by bank - Bills of Exchange Act 1949, s. 73A
Prima Nova Sdn Bhd v. Affin Bank Bhd
(Zaleha Zahari FCJ, Mohamed Apandi Ali, Anantham Kasinather JJCA) [2014] 9 CLJ 442 [CA]

Cheques - Forgery - Stolen cheques - Honouring of - Failure of customer to inform bank about stolen cheques in a timely manner - Whether could amount to fraud - Duty of customer - Whether bank wrongly debited from customer's current account - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether cheques honoured in good faith - Whether bank protected - Whether discrepancy on signature detected by bank - Bills of Exchange Act 1949, s. 73A
Prima Nova Sdn Bhd v. Affin Bank Bhd
(Zaleha Zahari FCJ, Mohamed Apandi Ali, Anantham Kasinather JJCA) [2014] 9 CLJ 442 [CA]

BANKRUPTCY

Proof and priority of debts - Creditor's claim - Bankrupt obtained loan secured by charge on land - Land vested in Director-General of Insolvency ('DGI') following adjudication and receiving orders against bankrupt - Land compulsorily acquired and compensation paid to DGI - Whether bank entitled to full compensation sum - Whether bank surrendered security by filing proof of debt - Doctrine of estoppel - Whether applied
Malayan Banking Bhd v. Boau Yoon Fut
(Mohamad Ariff Yusof, Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Idrus Harun JJCA) [2014] 9 CLJ 429 [CA]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Parties - Legal entity - Whether Inspector General of Police a legal entity which can be sued - Whether claim against Anti Corruption Agency survives against Malaysian Anti Corruption Commission
Dato' Pahlawan Ramli Yusuff v. Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail & Ors
(Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 489 [HC]

Pleadings - Material facts - Tort claim - Whether essential elements of each tort set out in statement of claim - Whether cause of action properly pleaded
Dato' Pahlawan Ramli Yusuff v. Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail & Ors
(Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 489 [HC]

Striking out - Amendment - Whether claim that can be saved by amendment could be summarily struck out - Whether cause to be defeated by reason of misjoinder or non-joinder
Dato' Pahlawan Ramli Yusuff v. Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail & Ors
(Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 489 [HC]

Striking out - Grounds for - Whether cause of action disclosed in pleadings - Whether questions of law or fact raised justify a trial - Whether cause of action disclosed inherently improbable or obviously unsustainable - Rules of Court 2012, O. 18 r. 19(1)(a)
Dato' Pahlawan Ramli Yusuff v. Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail & Ors
(Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 489 [HC]

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Public Prosecutor - Privileges and immunities - Prosecutorial immunity - Extent of - Whether immunity applies where powers exercised for improper purpose or motive - Whether civil action may lie against Public Prosecutor
Dato' Pahlawan Ramli Yusuff v. Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail & Ors
(Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 489 [HC]

CRIMINAL LAW

Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007 - Section 13 - Elements of offence - Whether prima facie case established - Whether sexual exploitation a requirement under s. 13 - Whether accused cast reasonable doubt on prosecution case
PP v. Wong Kuoh Ming
(Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak)) [2014] 9 CLJ 563 [HC]

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Appeal - Appeal against conviction and sentence - Accused person convicted for voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery - Penal Code, ss. 34, 394 - Sentenced to seven years imprisonment and two strokes of whipping - Whether witnesses credible and reliable - Whether accused person's defence of alibi probable
Kiritivaasan Udaya Soorian v. PP
(Noorin Badaruddin JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 548 [HC]

Appeal - Appeal against order of forfeiture - Misdirection on standard of proof - Whether curable - Whether occasioned failure of justice - Criminal Procedure Code, s. 422
Keong Shew Peng v. PP
(Nordin Hassan JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 530 [HC]

Charge - Amendment - Changes to date and time and clarifying act allegedly committed by accused by additional phrase - Whether original charge adequate in particulars - Whether there were material differences between original charge and amended charge - Whether evidence supported amended charge - Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007, s. 13
PP v. Wong Kuoh Ming
(Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak)) [2014] 9 CLJ 563 [HC]

Forfeiture - Dangerous Drugs - Forfeiture of property under Dangerous Drugs (Forfeiture of Property) Act 1988 - Presumption of illegal property - Whether rebutted - Dangerous Drugs (Forfeiture of Property) Act 1988, s. 35
Keong Shew Peng v. PP
(Nordin Hassan JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 530 [HC]

Forfeiture - Dangerous Drugs - Forfeiture of property under Dangerous Drugs (Forfeiture of Property) Act 1988 - Whether s. 35 applicable to claim under s. 32 of the Act - Whether property seized were illegally obtained
Keong Shew Peng v. PP
(Nordin Hassan JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 530 [HC]

Sentence - Appeal against - Child under 18 years old - Charged for armed robbery - Sentenced to undergo rehabilitation at Henry Gurney School - Whether trial judge gave undue emphasis on seriousness of offence - Whether public interest outweighed mitigating factors - Child Act 2001, ss. 2, 98 - Penal Code, ss. 395 & 397
Amirul Hakim Dzulkefly v. PP
(Collin Lawrence Sequerah JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 478 [HC]

Sentencing - Appeal by prosecution against sentence imposed by Sessions Court - Accused person convicted for voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery - Penal Code, ss. 34, 394 - Sentenced to seven years imprisonment and two strokes of whipping - Whether sentence adequate
Kiritivaasan Udaya Soorian v. PP
(Noorin Badaruddin JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 548 [HC]

EVIDENCE

Identification evidence - Quality of - Accused person entered complainant's house to commit robbery and voluntarily caused hurt to complainant in the process - Complainant managed to pull accused person's mask to reveal identity - Accused person had distinctive feature of deformed index finger - Whether identification parade held regular - Whether complainant could identify accused person positively - Whether identification of good quality
Kiritivaasan Udaya Soorian v. PP
(Noorin Badaruddin JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 548 [HC]

LAND LAW

Charge - Rights of chargee - Chargor adjudicated bankrupt - Land vested in Director-General of Insolvency ('DGI') - Land compulsorily acquired and compensation paid to DGI - Whether chargee notified of acquisition - Whether chargee entitled to full compensation sum pursuant to provisions in charge annexure - Doctrine of estoppel - Whether applied
Malayan Banking Bhd v. Boau Yoon Fut
(Mohamad Ariff Yusof, Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Idrus Harun JJCA) [2014] 9 CLJ 429 [CA]

LIMITATION

Public authorities - Time bar - Whether action against public authority time barred - Steps for determining whether action time barred - Continuing injury - Time to begin to run only when injury or damage ceases - Public Authorities Protection Act 1948, s. 2(a)
Dato' Pahlawan Ramli Yusuff v. Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail & Ors
(Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 489 [HC]

TORT

Conversion - Banker and customer - Duty of customer - Forgery - Stolen cheques - Honouring of - Failure of customer to inform bank about stolen cheques in a timely manner - Whether could amount to fraud - Whether bank wrongly debited from customer's current account - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether cheques honoured in good faith - Whether bank protected - Whether discrepancy on signature detected by bank - Bills of Exchange Act 1949, s. 73A
Prima Nova Sdn Bhd v. Affin Bank Bhd
(Zaleha Zahari FCJ, Mohamed Apandi Ali, Anantham Kasinather JJCA) [2014] 9 CLJ 442 [CA]

INDEKS PERKARA

PROSEDUR SIVIL

Bantahan awal - Permohonan semakan kehakiman - Permohonan bagi memulakan prosiding di bawah A. 53 k. 2 Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012 - Kegagalan pemohon menyatakan dengan jelas relif yang ingin dipohon - Ketidakpatuhan A. 53 k. 2(1) - Sama ada satu luar aturan yang tidak dapat dipulihkan - Sama ada mahkamah mempunyai bidang kuasa bagi memberikan kebenaran untuk semakan kehakiman - Pemfailan permohonan semakan kehakiman melebihi tiga bulan dari tarikh alasan bagi permohonan berbangkit - Sama ada pemfailan di luar tempoh yang diperuntukkan - Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012, A. 53 k. 3(6) - Sama ada bantahan awal wajar dikekalkan
ACE College lwn. Ketua Pendaftar, Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Swasta, Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia
(Asmabi Mohamad H) [2014] 9 CLJ 468 [HC]

Semakan kehakiman - Prosiding - Permohonan bagi memulakan prosiding di bawah A. 53 k. 2 Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012 - Bantahan awal - Kegagalan pemohon menyatakan dengan jelas relif yang ingin dipohon - Ketidakpatuhan A. 53 k. 2(1) - Sama ada satu luar aturan yang tidak dapat dipulihkan - Sama ada mahkamah mempunyai bidang kuasa bagi memberikan kebenaran untuk semakan kehakiman - Pemfailan permohonan semakan kehakiman melebihi tiga bulan dari tarikh alasan bagi permohonan berbangkit - Sama ada pemfailan di luar tempoh yang diperuntukkan - Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012, A. 53 k. 3(6)
ACE College lwn. Ketua Pendaftar, Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Swasta, Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia
(Asmabi Mohamad H) [2014] 9 CLJ 468 [HC]


CLJ 2014 Volume 9 (Part 5)

COURT

FEDERAL COURT

Yang Dipertua, Dewan Rakyat & Ors v. Gobind Singh Deo
Arifin Zakaria CJ, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Zaleha Zahari, Jeffrey Tan, Ramly Ali FCJJ
(Constitutional Law - Parliament - Privileges and immunities) [2014] 9 CLJ 577 [FC]

COURT OF APPEAL

Extra Excel (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd v. Chu Nyuk Tai
Low Hop Bing, Abdul Wahab Patail, Azahar Mohamed JJCA
(Civil Procedure - Appeal - Record of appeal) [2014] 9 CLJ 599 [CA]

Tan Bee Hong v. American International Assurance Bhd
Hishamudin Mohd Yunus, Lim Yee Lan, Mohamad Ariff Yusof JJCA
(Insurance - Accident insurance - Repudiation of liability) [2014] 9 CLJ 606 [CA]

HIGH COURT

Ahmad Radzi Sharbaini lwn. Hj Ahmat Mohaayen Hj Saad & Satu Lagi
Suraya Othman H
(Prosedur Sivil - Deklarasi - Penganiayaan terhadap plaintif secara tidak adil) [2014] 9 CLJ 625 [HC]

Leisure Farm Corporation Sdn Bhd v. Kabushiki Kaisha Ngu & Ors
Hasnah Mohammed Hashim J
(Contract - Specific performance - Sale and purchase of shares) [2014] 9 CLJ 639 [HC]

Nas Charter Aviation v. Muhammadiyah Travel & Tours Sdn Bhd
SM Komathy Suppiah JC
(Contract - Agreement - Settlement agreement) [2014] 9 CLJ 683 [HC]

PP lwn. Margaret Charles
Mohd Zaki Wahab PK
(Undang-undang Jenayah - Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - Seksyen 39B(1)(a) - Kegagalan pihak pendakwaan mengemukakan keterangan CCTV) [2014] 9 CLJ 694 [HC]

Tan Boon Lee v. Tan Boon Huat & Ors
Che Mohd Ruzima Ghazali JC
(Civil Procedure - Committal proceedings - Application for) [2014] 9 CLJ 717 [HC]

Tan Leong Hwa lwn. PP
Nordin Hassan PK
(Prosedur Jenayah - Hukuman - Serentak atau berasingan) [2014] 9 CLJ 726 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Affidavits - Defective affidavits - Allegation that plaintiff repeatedly deposed false residential address - Whether plaintiff had intention to deceive court - Whether affidavits deposed defective - Allegation that plaintiff was illiterate and could not understand Bahasa Malaysia - Whether language used by person who explained contents of affidavits stated in jurat - Discretion of court to allow defective affidavits - Rules of Court 2012, O. 1A, O. 2 rr. 1(1), (2) and O. 41 r. 4
Tan Boon Lee v. Tan Boon Huat & Ors
(Che Mohd Ruzima Ghazali JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 717 [HC]

Appeal - Record of appeal - Failure to file supplementary record of appeal enclosing sealed order of High Court - Whether non-compliance a mere irregularity - Whether resulted in there being no sealed order of High Court being filed - Whether record of appeal defective - Whether appeal nullified - Rules of the Court of Appeal 1994, r. 18(4)(d)
Extra Excel (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd v. Chu Nyuk Tai
(Low Hop Bing, Abdul Wahab Patail, Azahar Mohamed JJCA) [2014] 9 CLJ 599 [CA]

Committal proceedings - Application for - Allegation that plaintiff repeatedly deposed false residential address - Whether plaintiff had intention to deceive court - Whether affidavits deposed defective - Whether abuse of court process - Rules of Court 2012, O. 52 r. 4
Tan Boon Lee v. Tan Boon Huat & Ors
(Che Mohd Ruzima Ghazali JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 717 [HC]

Summary judgment - Contract - Settlement agreement - Parties entered into charter agreement - Default in payment - Whether defendant had defence to plaintiff's claim or part of plaintiff's claim - Whether summary judgment should be granted - Rules of Court 2012, O. 14
Nas Charter Aviation v. Muhammadiyah Travel & Tours Sdn Bhd
(SM Komathy Suppiah JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 683 [HC]

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Constitution - Federal Constitution - Member of Parliament uttered disparaging remarks during Parliamentary session - Disciplinary action - 12 months suspension without remuneration - Constitutional protection granted to Members of Parliament - Whether Standing Orders of Dewan Rakyat override provisions in Federal Constitution - Whether Parliament acted constitutionally in withholding member's remuneration during period of suspension - Whether decision impeachable - Whether there was justiciable issue - Federal Constitution, arts. 63 & 64 - Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952, ss. 9, 32 & 33
Yang Dipertua, Dewan Rakyat & Ors v. Gobind Singh Deo
(Arifin Zakaria CJ, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Zaleha Zahari, Jeffrey Tan, Ramly Ali FCJJ) [2014] 9 CLJ 577 [FC]

Parliament - Privileges and immunities - Disciplinary action - Member of Parliament uttered disparaging remarks during Parliamentary session - 12 months suspension without remuneration - Constitutional protection - Whether Standing Orders of Dewan Rakyat override provisions in Federal Constitution - Whether privileges of Parliament in art. 63(1) Federal Constitution extend to withholding of remuneration - Whether justiciable issue - Federal Constitution, art. 64 - Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952, ss. 9, 32 & 33
Yang Dipertua, Dewan Rakyat & Ors v. Gobind Singh Deo
(Arifin Zakaria CJ, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Zaleha Zahari, Jeffrey Tan, Ramly Ali FCJJ) [2014] 9 CLJ 577 [FC]

CONTRACT

Agreement - Settlement agreement - Parties entered into charter agreement - Defendant defaulted in payment - Parties entered into negotiations and about to execute settlement agreement when defendant failed to execute - Acknowledgement of monies owed and request for new payment schedule via letter by defendant - First cheque for payment issued but dishonoured - Whether there was settlement agreement - Whether contract entered by conduct of parties - Whether defence that cheque was issued to maintain good relations probable
Nas Charter Aviation v. Muhammadiyah Travel & Tours Sdn Bhd
(SM Komathy Suppiah JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 683 [HC]

Damages - Specific performance - Damages in lieu of specific performance - Sale of shares - Specific performance rendered inappropriate due to third party interest being affected - Whether damages should be granted in lieu of specific performance
Leisure Farm Corporation Sdn Bhd v. Kabushiki Kaisha Ngu & Ors
(Hasnah Mohammed Hashim J) [2014] 9 CLJ 639 [HC]

Formation - Sale and purchase of shares - Memorandum of understanding - Formal contract not executed - Whether binding contract arising - Existence of consideration, certainty of parties, certainty of price and certainty of property - Binding contract arising
Leisure Farm Corporation Sdn Bhd v. Kabushiki Kaisha Ngu & Ors
(Hasnah Mohammed Hashim J) [2014] 9 CLJ 639 [HC]

Intention to create legal relations - Memorandum of understanding - Sale and purchase of shares - Formal contract not executed - Conduct of parties showing intention to create binding relations - Existence of consideration, certainty of parties, certainty of price and certainty of property - Binding contract arising
Leisure Farm Corporation Sdn Bhd v. Kabushiki Kaisha Ngu & Ors
(Hasnah Mohammed Hashim J) [2014] 9 CLJ 639 [HC]

Specific performance - Sale and purchase of shares - Damages in lieu of specific performance - Sale of shares - Whether specific performance rendered inappropriate due to third party interest being affected - Damages granted in lieu of specific performance
Leisure Farm Corporation Sdn Bhd v. Kabushiki Kaisha Ngu & Ors
(Hasnah Mohammed Hashim J) [2014] 9 CLJ 639 [HC]

EVIDENCE

Without prejudice communications - Admissibility - Correspondence between parties via letter to settle outstanding amount - Whether correspondence subjected to `without prejudice' rule - Whether `without prejudice' rule absolute rule - Evidence Act 1950, s. 23
Nas Charter Aviation v. Muhammadiyah Travel & Tours Sdn Bhd
(SM Komathy Suppiah JC) [2014] 9 CLJ 683 [HC]

INSURANCE

Accident insurance - Repudiation - Repudiation of liability - Construction of policies - Personal accident policies - Insured found dead in swimming pool - Cause of death - Traces of drugs found in body of insured - Whether there was evidence to establish insured was drug user - Respondent's claim that it was not liable for payment of benefits for any `accidental injury' for loss caused `directly or indirectly' by `use of drugs' - Whether use of drugs was direct or indirect cause of heart attack allegedly precipitating insured's fall and subsequent drowning - Post mortem report showed cause of death consistent with drowning - Whether death by drowning accidental in nature - Whether fell within definition of accidental death or injury under personal accident policies - Whether respondent liable for payment for insurance claims - Whether there was insufficient judicial appreciation of evidence - Whether appellate intervention warranted
Tan Bee Hong v. American International Assurance Bhd
(Hishamudin Mohd Yunus, Lim Yee Lan, Mohamad Ariff Yusof JJCA) [2014] 9 CLJ 606 [CA]

TORT

Conspiracy - Elements of - Conspiracy to injure and/or defraud - No evidence of predetermined collusion between defendants - Whether conspiracy established
Leisure Farm Corporation Sdn Bhd v. Kabushiki Kaisha Ngu & Ors
(Hasnah Mohammed Hashim J) [2014] 9 CLJ 639 [HC]

INDEKS PERKARA

KETERANGAN

Anggapan bertentangan - Rakaman CCTV - Kegagalan pihak pendakwaan mengemukakan keterangan CCTV - Dakwaan pengedaran dadah - Tertuduh didapati mengambil beg yang mengandungi dadah berbahaya selepas beg itu melalui mesin pengimbas di kawasan kastam - Pembelaan bahawa beg milik seorang lelaki berbangsa Afrika - Ketiadaan keterangan CCTV untuk menyokong atau menafikan dakwaan pembelaan - Sama ada membuatkan inferens memihak kepada pembelaan - Manifes penumpang bas yang dinaiki tertuduh terdapat penumpang berbangsa Afrika - Sama ada pembelaan berjaya menimbulkan kemungkinan orang berbangsa Afrika wujud - Sama ada tertuduh terbukti mempunyai kawalan dan jagaan ke atas beg - Anggapan statutori bawah s. 37(d) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - Sama ada terpakai - Sama ada pihak pendakwaan berjaya membuktikan kesemua intipati pertuduhan
PP lwn. Margaret Charles
(Mohd Zaki Wahab PK) [2014] 9 CLJ 694 [HC]

Saksi - Soal balas saksi sendiri - Saksi plaintif - Ujian kebenaran keterangan saksi - Sama ada saksi bercakap benar - Sama ada keterangan-keterangan saksi menyokong kes plaintif - Sama ada keterangan-keterangan saksi diterima - Akta Keterangan 1950, s. 154
Ahmad Radzi Sharbaini lwn. Hj Ahmat Mohaayen Hj Saad & Satu Lagi
(Suraya Othman H) [2014] 9 CLJ 625 [HC]

PROSEDUR JENAYAH

Hukuman - Serentak atau berasingan - Tertuduh dijatuhkan hukuman 12 bulan penjara berjalan serentak dengan hukuman yang sedang dijalani perayu bagi kesalahan di bawah s. 489C Kanun Keseksaan - Sama ada kesalahan daripada transaksi sama - Sama ada hukuman patut berjalan berasingan - Kanun Tatacara Jenayah, ss. 173(b), 282(d) & 292(1)
Tan Leong Hwa lwn. PP
(Nordin Hassan PK) [2014] 9 CLJ 726 [HC]

Rayuan - Hukuman - Tertuduh memiliki 0.15g dadah berbahaya methamphetamine - Tertuduh dijatuhkan hukuman 12 bulan penjara berjalan serentak dengan hukuman yang sedang dijalani perayu bagi kesalahan di bawah s. 489C Kanun Keseksaan - Sama ada hukuman patut berjalan serentak atau berasingan - Sama ada hakim bicara memberi pertimbangan kepada berat dadah - Sama ada tempoh penjara dikurangkan - Kanun Tatacara Jenayah, ss. 173(b), 282(d) & 292(1) - Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952, s. 12(2) & (3)
Tan Leong Hwa lwn. PP
(Nordin Hassan PK) [2014] 9 CLJ 726 [HC]

PROSEDUR SIVIL

Deklarasi - Permohonan - Penganiayaan terhadap plaintif secara tidak adil - Penolakan jawatan yang dipohon - Defendan pertama merupakan salah seorang ahli panel yang mengendalikan temuduga - Sama ada defendan pertama berdendam terhadap plaintif - Sama ada dibuktikan - Sama ada defendan pertama menindas plaintif - Sama ada keputusan untuk tidak melantik plaintif terletak pada tangan defendan pertama - Sama ada terdapat kes untuk dijawab oleh pihak defendan - Sama ada permohonan plaintif dibenarkan - Akta Keterangan 1950, ss. 94 & 154
Ahmad Radzi Sharbaini lwn. Hj Ahmat Mohaayen Hj Saad & Satu Lagi
(Suraya Othman H) [2014] 9 CLJ 625 [HC]

UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH

Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - Seksyen 12(2) - Tertuduh memiliki 0.15g methamphetamine - Hukuman 12 bulan penjara berjalan serentak dengan hukuman yang sedang dijalani perayu bagi kesalahan di bawah s. 489C Kanun Keseksaan - Sama ada hukuman patut berjalan serentak atau berasingan - Sama ada hakim bicara memberi pertimbangan kepada berat dadah - Sama ada tempoh penjara dikurangkan - Kanun Tatacara Jenayah, ss. 173(b), 282(d) & 292(1)
Tan Leong Hwa lwn. PP
(Nordin Hassan PK) [2014] 9 CLJ 726 [HC]

Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - Seksyen 39B(1)(a) - Pengedaran - Kes prima facie - Sama ada terbukti - Tertuduh didapati mengambil beg yang mengandungi dadah berbahaya selepas beg itu melalui mesin pengimbas di kawasan kastam - Pembelaan bahawa beg milik seorang lelaki berbangsa Afrika - Sama ada pembelaan adalah fikiran semula - Kegagalan pihak pendakwaan mengemukakan keterangan CCTV - Sama ada ketiadaan CCTV membuatkan inferens memihak kepada pembelaan - Sama ada pembelaan berjaya menimbulkan keraguan - Sama ada tertuduh terbukti mempunyai kawalan dan jagaan ke atas beg - Anggapan statutori bawah s. 37(d) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - Sama ada terpakai - Sama ada pihak pendakwaan berjaya membuktikan kesemua intipati pertuduhan
PP lwn. Margaret Charles
(Mohd Zaki Wahab PK) [2014] 9 CLJ 694 [HC]

ARTICLE
LEGISLATION HIGHLIGHTS

Principal Acts

Number Title Date coming into force Repealing
ACT 763 Yayasan Guru Tun Hussein Onn Act 2014 Not Yet In Force -Nil-
ACT 762 Goods And Services Tax Act 2014 1 July 2014 - Parts I, II, IV, VI and XVI, ss 10, 11, 17, 18, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 44, 50, 56, 59, 61, 64, 65, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 160, 163, 183, 184 and 197, the First Schedule and Second Schedule to the Act; 1 April 2015 - Parts IX, XIII, XVII and XVIII, ss 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 70, 84, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 98, 106, 108, 109, 110, 122, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195 and 196, the Third Schedule and Fourth Schedule to the Act [PU(B) 319/2014] -Nil-
ACT 761 Finance Act 2014 See s 3 for the Income Tax Act; s 33 for the Stamp Act; s 36 for the Petroleum (Income Tax) Act; s 44 for the Real Property Gains Tax Act and s 50 for the Labuan Business Activity Tax Act -Nil-
ACT 760 Fees (Department Of Museums Malaysia) (Validation) Act 2014 1 January 1991 to 11 June 2012 -Nil-
ACT 759 Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 30 June 2013 [PU(B) 277/2013] - except para(s) 1 to 10 of Schedule 9 and para(s) 13 to 19 of Schedule 9 -Nil-

Amending Acts

Number Title Date coming into force Principal/Amending Act No
ACT A1468 Promotion Of Investments (Amendment) Act 2014 See section 1(1) to 1(33) of the Act ACT 327
ACT A1467 Anti-Money Laundering And Anti-Terrorism Financing (Amendment) Act 2014 8 August 2014 - s 78 only; 1 September 2014 except ss 22 and 26 - 1 October 2014 [PU(B) 400/2014] ACT 613
ACT A1466 Supplementary Supply (2014) Act 2014 25 July 2014 -Nil-
ACT A1465 Private Higher Educational Institutions (Amendment) Act 2014 25 July 2014 ACT 555
ACT A1464 Price Control And Anti-Profiteering (Amendment) Act 2014 1 September 2014 [PU(B) 399/2014] ACT 723

PU(A)

Number Title Date of Publication Date coming into force Principal/Amending Act No
PU(A) 325/2014 Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing And Proceeds Of Unlawful Activities (Amendment Of Second Schedule) (No. 2) Order 2014 8 December 2014 9 December 2014 ACT 613
PU(A) 324/2014 Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing And Proceeds Of Unlawful Activities (Invocation Of Part Iv) (No. 2) Order 2014 8 December 2014 9 December 2014 ACT 613
PU(A) 323/2014 Factories And Machinery (Exemption To Petronas Gas Berhad, Gas Processing Plant (Gpp5), Paka, Terengganu) Order 2014 3 December 2014 4 December 2014 ACT 139
PU(A) 322/2014 Excise (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2014 2 December 2014 15 December 2014 PU(A) 161/1977
PU(A) 321/2014 Gas Supply (Amendment) Regulations 2014 2 December 2014 1 January 2016 PU(A) 287/1997

PU(B)

Number Title Date of Publication Date coming into force Principal/Amending Act No
PU(B) 539/2014 Reservation Of Land For Public Purpose For Lot 101532 Mukim Petaling 8 December 2014 9 December 2014 ACT 56/1965
PU(B) 538/2014 Reservation Of Land For Public Purpose For Lot 80798 Mukim Batu 8 December 2014 9 December 2014 ACT 56/1965
PU(B) 537/2014 Notice Of Completion Of Assumption Of Control (Koperasi Kemajuan Tanah Negeri Johor Berhad) 3 December 2014 30 August 2014 ACT 502
PU(B) 536/2014 Notice Of Proposed Revocation Of Reservation Of Land For Public Purpose 3 December 2014 24 December 2014 ACT 56/1965
PU(B) 535/2014 Notice To Third Parties 3 December 2014 11 December 2014 ACT 613
[2014] 1 LNS(A) cxxvi MALAYSIA

APPLICATION FOR STAY OF COURT PROCEEDINGS IN FAVOUR OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENT BEFORE TAKING ANY OTHER STEPS

by

ARUNACHALAM KASI*


1. Abstract

It is one of the requisites of grant of stay of court proceedings in favour of arbitration agreement that the party applying for the stay must do so before taking any other steps. This is so provided in section 10(1) of the Arbitration Act 2005 that reads:

A court before which proceedings are brought in respect of a matter which is the subject of an arbitration agreement shall, where a party makes an application before taking any other steps in the proceedings, stay those proceedings and refer the parties to arbitration unless it finds that the agreement is null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed.

This is a highly interesting area in the arbitration law, that has cause much controversy and dilemma. Firstly the section refers to 'other steps' without first making reference to any step, from which the 'other' step can be distinguished. Secondly some steps are vital even before the stay application in any litigation such as filing of an appearance in order to avoid a default judgment. If such steps are taken as 'other step' then there would be no stay available and the law would become meaningless. Accordingly courts are left with the difficult task of striking a balance to render the law effective. Examining this task is the object of this article.


. . .

* Advocate & Solicitor


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[2014] 1 LNS(A) cxxvii AUSTRALIA

SLEEPING WITH THE ENEMY?
Conflicts of interest and relationship status discrimination*

by

JACK MAXWELL**


An employee's personal relationships sometimes appear to create a serious conflict of interest. A conflict of interest emerges when an employee's personal interests interfere with, or appear to interfere with, the impartial discharge of his or her professional duties. These issues can arise from personal relationships with both colleagues and competitors. Relationships between colleagues may engender discontent and perceptions of favouritism.[1] Intimate involvement with someone working for a competitor may appear to risk the divulging of commercially sensitive information.[2]

Organisations have adopted several strategies for dealing with these conflicts of interest, including pre-employment screening, ongoing disclosure requirements, and sometimes termination. Due to State and federal prohibitions on marital and relationship status discrimination, however, any such action must be based on evidence rather than assumptions. Unfavourable treatment of employees based on unfair assumptions will expose corporate entities to liability.

The prohibition on relationship status discrimination

All Australian jurisdictions prohibit discrimination on the grounds of marital or relationship status.[3] According to the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth), a person is discriminated against on the ground of relationship status if he or she is treated less favourably than a person of a different status by reason of his or her relationship status, or a characteristic that appertains or is generally imputed to persons of that relationship status.[4]


. . .

* Published with kind permission of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory. See Ethos No. 232 June 2014.

** Legal Researcher, Justitia.


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